Severe hemophagocytic syndrome after intravesical BCG instillation with a fatal outcome

Introduction. Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) after Bacillus Calmette-Gu?rin (BCG) immunotherapy is extremely rare in everyday practice. Only three cases of HS have been reported the world until now. BCG used for preventing recurrence superficial tumors urinary bladder. Severe complications are rarely seen. Case report. A 55-year-old patient was transferred to Clinic Urology second round immunotherapy, bad condition, transurethral resection a bladder tumor. Computed tomography abdomen and lesser pelvis performed, which did not indicate any clear signs organ failure or disease. Antitubercular, antibiotic, corticosteroid, symptomatic therapies were applied. The achieved effect therapy satisfactory. suspected. During further hospitalization, patient?s already severe condition deteriorated became more complicated form multiorgan dysfunction syndrome. Death occurred on sixth day hospitalization. urine culture test performed post-mortem months later, it positive Mycobacterium xenopi. Conclusion. Secondary an disease accompanied by general patient, with many life-threatening that can lead death. We presented case caused death patient. This unique because, first time, possible causative agent isolated ? Mycobacteria.